The artist Sergey Vasilkovsky - old Ukrainian singer
01.03.2017
The artist Sergey Vasilkovsky - old Ukrainian singer
The heyday of the artist Sergei Vasilkovskaja accounts for the last third of the XIX century, the period when Ukraine were Ems decree and Valuev Circular banning Ukrainian printed word. Therefore an appeal to artists native history, to reflect the nature of Ukraine, people types, ethnographic peculiarities of peasant or Cossack way of life, customs and rituals, folk architecture was a form of protest, artists struggle to uphold national dignity of its people. It was at that time accounted for intensive development of the historical genre, the appearance in Ukrainian painting canvases on the history of the Cossacks.
In terms of bans and persecution of the Ukrainian community, whose members were prominent figures of Ukrainian science and culture Vladimir Antonovich, Paul Chubynsky Fedir Vovk, Mykola Lysenko, Panteleimon Kulish, Mykola Kostomarov, Mykhailo Drahomanov Michael Kotsiubynsky national skerovanist in the work required from the artists personal courage and patriotism. Sergei Vasilkovsky it belonged to such artists as Konstantin Trutovsky, Porphyry Martynovych John Izhakevich, Pimonenko Nicholas, Nicholas females Oleksandr Murashko, who did not stand aloof from the life of the people and their creativity played a major role in the development of national culture.
Poetic attitude, great emotion and an extraordinary wealth of colorful painting originated in Vasilkovskaja during childhood - Sloboda Ukraine, on the banks of the Seversky Donets River in the small town of Izyum, where the future artist was born October 19, 1854. Everything breathed history, memories of glorious Cossack past, kept folk art and folk songs.
Influenced by his father, who was a virtuoso draftsman and clerk, Vasylkivsky became interested in drawing and have always planted in his soul the love of Ukrainian songs. So when gifted boy was seven years old, it noted Dmitry Bezperchyy, a teacher of drawing Kharkiv gymnasium, a former serf, Shevchenko friend and disciple of Karl Bryullov in the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.
In life choices influenced Vasilkovsky close relative V. Alexandrov, Ukrainian poet, playwright and translator, author of popular operettas while "for Nemanja go", "Do not go, Hryts, in the evenings," poems became folk songs.
1861 parents moved to Kharkov, while a significant cultural center Slobozhanshchina. After five years of study in high school at the request of his father Vasylkivsky entered the Kharkiv Veterinary School. 1873 leaves teaching there, because parents were unable to pay it, and works for a while stationery officer at the Kharkiv treasury.
1876 ??entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in landscape class of Professor M. Klodt.
1879 for the study of nature got the first academic award - a small silver medal.
As a student needs experienced, lived in the attic of the Academy, the so-called "kazontsi" with Mr. Martinovi?, A. Slastyon, G. Ladyzhenskaya, M. Samokisha, J. Tsionhlinskym, later famous artists.
1881 received a second small silver medal.
During the study was able to use the library of his cousin, the poet Vladimir Alexandrov, which were works Kotlyarevskiy, Shevchenko, Gogol, which made him a deep impression.
In full-scale class Vasylkivsky studied at one time with Serov and Mikhail Vrubel. His teacher was known landscape painters M. Klodt, one of the founders of the Association of the Wanderers, and Vladimir Orlovsky, who Shishkin called "the incomparable landscapes of southern nature."
That Vladimir Orlovsky, academic painting, which at one time Shevchenko helped to join the Academy, was the spiritual mentor of immigrants from Ukraine, developed in them the desire to address the national issues, as opposed M. Klodt, who gravitated to conventional academic. Influenced beneficial environment Vasylkivsky his countrymen, who predicted a great future in St. Petersburg during the years of training kept leaving the city on the Neva River and made a trip to Ukraine, where mother nature takes possession of the motives that best answered his usual luminous painterly manner.
Working mainly on sketches during the holidays in Kharkiv, Poltava, Zaporozhye, he then in the studio from memory reproduce their impressions on canvas. Vasylkivsky for travel has created many sketches and studies, received by them five small and large silver medals thanks and awards from the Academy.
The peak of his early work was the painting "The Donets' (1885), which provided him a gold medal of the Academy, the title of artist of the first degree and the right to travel to Europe for four years by the Academy to improve skills. Most pieces of Vasylkiv period of his studies at the Academy - "Spring in Ukraine", "sheep in the desert", "At Donets' - the first in poshevchenkivskyy between Ukrainian painting landscapes, in which a deeply generalized image of contemporary Ukraine - a true, touching, clear its picturesque language.
Expert and sincere admirer of art, eminent historian Yavornytsky, which Vasylkivsky life was on friendly terms, praised the work of the young artist and told him Jury Instructions, which the artist was true to his life, "Noble Son Ukraine, trudys and grateful to have Birthplace reward you handsomely! Noble family stories can be art! "
When a foreign internship Vasylkivsky traveled the whole of France, visited Spain, Germany, Italy, England, Algeria, which copied the works of famous painters, working in the open air, improved coloristic and compositional skills. Particularly impressed and influenced his creativity T. Rousseau, Jean Millet, C. Troyona, S. Dobinyi, masters of the so-called Barbizon School. Their work experience in the open air enriched Ukrainian artist palette pure color, spontaneity and sincerity play motive that most appeared in the painting "Winter in the village Opishnya" "At the tavern," "Catch bullfinch", "Cossack picket" and others.
After two years spent abroad in 1888 Vasylkivsky returned to Kharkov, travels on foot Kharkiv, Poltava, Zaporozhye. In landscape begins to engage in historical genre, creates a painting "Cossack picket" (1888), "Fight the Cossacks and Tatars" (1892), "Kozak in the desert" (1905), "Cossacks in the Steppe" (early twentieth century). " Hike Cossacks "(1917). 1896 painting "Cossack Levada" was exhibited at the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod, which won high praise.
Sergei Vasilkovskaja as Kotsiubynskyi, great master of landscape painting in prose, called for clarity sontsepoklonnykom palette, fresh feelings and embodied a particular melody, harmony with Ukrainian folk melodies. The works of the artist, full of southern Ukrainian sun visited the exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Paris. About them responded very positively P. Tretyakov, who purchased one canvas Ukrainian artist.
For paintings created during foreign trips - "The Pyrenees", "View of Besan?on", "Morning in Besancon," "Winter in Spain", "Bois de Boulogne winter" - the Council of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts had to award him the title of academician, but not dared not bothering to overcome academic conservatism that prevailed in its walls. So Vasylkivsky broke with the Academy and the end of life remains in Ukraine, devotes his art of landscape Cossack history. His legacy includes over three thousand pieces, most of which was lost during the Second World War, but that left descendants amazing artistic perfection.
Much effort artist gave social work, participation in exhibitions. However Bezperchym D., M. Rajewski, Ivanova and O. Beketov he founded the Kharkiv Art School, which was opened in 1912.
He also took an active part in organizing the exhibition to XII Archaeological Congress 1912, which presented their works ethnographic and historical character.
In 1914, when the project was approved malohudozhniy monument to Taras Shevchenko in Kyiv of Italian Shiortino that did not meet the spirit of the great poet, Vasylkivsky with a group of Kharkiv sent to committee for monument strong protest. Influenced Vasilkovskaja immediately after approval of the 1902 draft Poltava zemstvo house in the style of the Italian Renaissance jury recognized the best design Basil Krichevsky, who used creatively modernized form of Ukrainian folk architecture.
1900 Vasylkivsky Samokisha issued together with the great album "From the Ukrainian antiquity." In the same year in Kharkov, the first solo exhibition of the artist's works, which were exhibited 120 of his works.
1903 in Poltava, with the opening of the monument Kotlyarevskyi, is involved in a large art exhibition, which exhibited 43 works. That same year receives victory in the competition for the best project of painting the house Poltava zemstvos, who painted in 1903-1907, respectively.
1912 models assembled Vasilkovsky Ukrainian national ornament on display at an international art exhibition in Rome. In 1912 came the album ornaments created Samokisha M. and S. Vasilkovsky.
In his later years wrote of the painting "Cossack Mamay", "Ballad of three brothers."
October 8, 1917 Sergei Vasilkovsky died. Before his death he bequeathed to the Museum of Sloboda Ukraine more than 1340 of his works and a significant amount of money, which, at his request, had a go at creating Kharkiv great national art museum.
Sergei Vasilkovskaja called Ukrainian poet painting by extraordinary lyricism of its landscape and historical works. His creativity, he contributed to the formation of the historical painting and lyrical epic trends in national art, which later determined the direction of the work of many generations of Ukrainian artists.
R. Kukharenko, correspondent of the newspaper "Migration"
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