Ukrainians in Uzbekistan
31.08.2016
Ukrainians in Uzbekistan
Geography of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan - a state located in the central part of Central Asia. It borders Afghanistan to the south, south-east - with Tajikistan in the north-east - with Kyrgyzstan, south-west - with Turkmenistan in the north - with Kazakhstan. Uzbekistan belongs to the southern part of the Aral Sea with a 420 km coastline.
Approximately 4/5 of the territory occupied by the desert plains of Uzbekistan; eastern and south-eastern parts of the country including the mountains and foothills of Tien Shan and Hisarskoho spine. The highest point in the country - 4643 m (gissar range).
The political system, language and religion
Uzbekistan - presidential republic. Head of state - the president. The supreme state representative body is the Oliy Mazhlis Uzbekistan that exercises legislative power.
Official language - Uzbek, spoken by more than 74% of the population. In cities a common Russian language is used by more than 14% of the population.
Approximately 88% of the population is Muslim, 9% - Orthodox Christians.
The country ranks fourth in the world in gold reserves and 7th for its production (80 tonnes of gold annually). There are large deposits of copper and uranium, oil and gas. Uzbekistan - a major producer of cotton but dependent on cereal imports (domestic production covers only 25% of needs).
Historical milestones and prerequisites Ukrainian in Uzbekistan
According to archive documents, the first information about Ukrainian Central Asia dating from the middle of the XVIII century.
In October 1741 the left bank of Ukraine was forcibly sent to the Orenburg region more than a hundred families. At the destination arrived only a small portion of immigrants. It was at that time Ukrainian immigrants come to areas of Central Asia.
In 1867, General Garasym Kolpakovskyy, Ukrainian nobleman, led Semyrichenskoho Cossack regiment, which consisted almost exclusively of Ukrainian Kharkiv and Chernihiv provinces, out campaign against Kokand Khanate of Kokand and won. Then in Uzbekistan having first Ukrainian settlements.
However, the Ukrainian mass settlement of Turkestan began with 1885. The main goal was to find land suitable for agriculture as a result of adverse effects reform of 1861. Farmers - came from Ukraine - housed in compact settlements in Seven Rivers, Chernyayevsky, Aulie-Ata districts Syr-Darya area Fergana valley Mirzacho'l.
The main craft Ukrainian settlers were farming, gardening. In 1897 Ukrainian settlements appear in the Samarkand region. Only in Katta-Kurgan in those years lived about two thousand Ukrainian.
A new wave of immigrants from Poltava, Chernihiv, Kyiv and Kharkiv, and from Ekaterinoslav provinces came in connection with the construction of railways Orenburg - Tashkent and Tashkent - Andijan. After the defeat of the revolution of 1905-1907 in Turkestan exiled many Ukrainian workers and employees, lower officials - they formed a national conscious element of the Tashkent railway. After completion of the railroad Ukrainian migrant flow increased. Ukrainians made up a large percentage of Turkestan consisting of special forces - especially in the 1st and 2nd Turkestan Infantry Corps, 1st infantry brigade Turkestan. It is estimated that the territory from the Caspian Sea to the Pamir only in the army in 1913, there were over 200 thousand Ukrainian soldiers on the eve of the February Revolution there lived about half Ukrainian.
During the First World War in Turkestan Galicians were taken prisoners. They were also among the refugees.
According to the census of 1917 the share of Ukrainian in Uzbekistan amounted to 0.1% of the population, in 1926 - already 0.5%.
After the February Revolution in Russia in March 1917 was formed Turkestan Ukrainian community (TUH) led by interim council. At the time of formation TUH in Tashkent numbered 250 members. During April-June 1917 there is about 40 communities in towns and villages Ukrainian Turkestan, including in Andijan, Samarkand, Namangan, Bukhara, Kaґani, Fergana. In April, the Interim Council TUH converted to constant composed of 9 members.
In May TUH appealed to the Central Rada in Kiev, asking for help in culture and education. For its part TUH organized in June, two battalions of volunteers - one in Tashkent (under the command of captain Doluda, later a member of the Central Council and a famous military leader), the second in Samarkand (captain Ivka); both went to Kyiv to help the Central Council.
TUH adopted three universal Central Council. In TUH was established library, concerts were held in honor of Taras Shevchenko, and on May 1 organized several thousand Ukrainian participated in the celebration of freedom in Tashkent. At the same time Tashkent was established Ukrainian soldier Committee and Circle Ukrainian youth. Started its activities Ukrainian theater company Chernov.
Began operating schools with Ukrainian language teaching. According to Ukrainian traditions observed religious holidays.
In 1920, all Ukrainian organizations were banned.
The economic impact of World and Ukrainian-Russian war, the collapse of the agricultural system Famine 1921-1922 and in 1932-1933 led efforts Ukrainian peasants escape outside Ukraine, including in Turkestan.
Census 1937, which took place under conditions of terror, physical destruction and exile of millions of people who call themselves as Ukrainian, especially for those who have recently moved to the diaspora was dangerous, registered in Uzbekistan only 1.6 thousand. Ukrainian. U1939, their number (two years) increased to 73.8 thousand. People. This number was more or less stable until the mid-60s, when the Ukrainian diaspora in Uzbekistan began to grow rapidly and increased by 1980 almost doubled. Thus, the Ukrainian diaspora in Uzbekistan actually formed in the Soviet time, preferably already in the postwar years.
During the Soviet-German war of 1941-1945 in Uzbekistan were evacuated a number of Ukrainian industrial enterprises, scientific research and higher education institutions, art collectives. Already in 1941 there came Ukrainian Institute of Arts, the Odessa Institute of Engineers of Maritime Transport, Kharkov Agricultural Institute, Kharkiv plant "Elektrostanok" and many others.
In Uzbekistan during the war continued operating for more than thirty Ukrainian theater, music groups, schools. In particular, Tashkent acted Ivan Franko Theatre, the creative team which included Uzhviy N., E. Ponomarenko, A. Buchma.
The postwar period was associated with industrialization Central Asian republics, which stretched for several decades. Uzbekistan railway specialists trained Kharkov (Tashkent highway), the miners of Donbass (Anhrenskyy Basin), steelworkers Zaporozhye. Ukrainian specialists took part in the construction of railway Chardzhou - Kungrad, Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine and other strategic facilities.
At the 2600 Ukrainian engineers and builders for several years participated in the restoration of Tashkent, which was destroyed by an earthquake in 1966.
In Soviet times, many immigrants from Ukraine occupied leading positions in various fields of economy and science of Uzbekistan.
Quantitative and social structure
According to the State Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan (the last census was held in 2007), living in this country 86,854 ethnic Ukrainian and about 40 thousand Crimean Tatars.
49.2% of Uzbekistan Ukrainian Ukrainian as their mother tongue.
Territorially Ukrainian diaspora tends to Tashkent and Tashkent region, where in 1989 lived more than half of the total number of Ukrainian in Uzbekistan. On average Ukrainian, Uzbekistan is 0.8% of the population; in regions and settlements, where there are large Ukrainian community, the proportion is much higher: in Tashkent it is 2.9% (60.0 thousand.), Tashkent region - 1.2% (26.6 thousand.).
The Ukrainian community in Uzbekistan is very diverse and includes political, public figures, businessmen, scientists and artists. The majority are people of retirement age.
Ukrainian foreign NGOs and their status
In the Republic of Uzbekistan officially recorded 6 Ukrainian cultural centers, the largest of which - Republican Ukrainian cultural center "Slavutich", which was created in 2001 in the city. Tashkent. It integrates and coordinates the activities of all Ukrainian cultural centers in Uzbekistan.
According to the statutes of Ukrainian cultural centers, the main directions of their work is the realization of cultural activities, preservation and development of Ukrainian culture, language, traditional crafts, rituals, blow and strengthen international relations.
Employment in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is constantly evolving, so there is a shortage of skilled labor. Although the government reluctant to accept migrants, skilled professionals can quite easily find a job. Working in Uzbekistan for foreigners is regulated in accordance with the Regulations on attracting and using foreign labor in Uzbekistan. Permission for admission of foreigners to work in the country issuing agency for foreign labor migration. The organization works at the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare.
Requests for vacancies in the Agency shall submit the employer. The application lasts for a month. Employment for citizens of Ukraine in Uzbekistan must start with a search of vacant space. Make it the best place on the Internet or through friends. Find an employer is easy, especially if the applicant has demanded the country's occupation and experience. After interviewing a citizen of another country can begin to design a working or business visa and employer - to register the work permit of the foreigner.
The most sought-after specialists in Uzbekistan are doctors, engineers, experts in the field of IT-technologies, representatives of the workers specialties, and so on. D.
R. Kukharenko,
correspondent of the newspaper "Migration"
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