Ukrainians in Spain
31.01.2017
Ukrainians in Spain
Formation of the Ukrainian diaspora in Spain actually began after World War II, when the difficult postwar years the first small group Ukrainian-students came to Madrid in search of a better life.
Ukrainian first came to Spain in late 1946 displaced persons camp in Rimini (Italy). They were college-age young people, who with the help of the Vatican and Red Cross received from the Spanish government agreed to continue their education in this country. In February 1947 came the second group. Immigrants from Ukraine, where there were 25 people, established a Ukrainian student community in Spain, which in the spring of 1947 led Yuri Karmanin.
The organization existed for nearly 20 years, the most active and successful of which were the first 6-7 years. Subsequently, the number of communities gradually decreased, mainly because its members to visit the United States and Canada.
To solve all organizational issues related to education and accommodation and other Ukrainian students - immigrants from Eastern Europe - the Spanish side was created by the Catholic organization the university aid.
At the time of his student activism Ukrainian community in Spain (1947-1960) was composed choir and by Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists organized at the National Radio of Spain Ukrainian language, which was transferred to Ukraine. In April 1951 was created Ukrainian edition of Radio, headed by Dmitry Shtykalo from France.
Ukrainian First broadcast in Spain was made April 20, 1951. First, the transmission went on the air three times a week for 15 minutes. Over time, speech was transferred on a daily basis for 45 minutes.
In 1961 the Spanish government significantly reduced inomovni edition of the National Radio of Spain, but remained Ukrainian, although the volume of speech greatly decreased. It was not until 1973, when due to changes in political course Spanish Ukrainian broadcasting was suspended.
Along with Ukrainian students in Madrid were also several Ukrainian families who arrived there in 1948-1951, respectively. These Ukrainian had their own organization, but worked closely with Ukrainian student community.
Among the colorful figures of the Ukrainian community in Spain at the time we should remember the famous Ukrainian botanist and biologist Professor Alexander Arhimovycha, who arrived in Madrid at the invitation of the Spanish government in 1948 for 5 years and conducted research in northern Spain. In 1952 he moved to the United States, where he became president and Uvan Ukrainian Technical Institute in New York.
In 1950 he moved to Spain from France Buchynskyi Dmitry and his family that his wife worked at Ivanna Ukrainian edition of the National Radio of Spain. Buchyns'kyj also worked as a journalist and literary activities, including translated into Spanish "Lay." His creative achievements of 1000 works, including bibliographic reference publications for Diaspora 1945-1955 and 1955-1961 years. Buchyns'kyj was also organized exhibitions of Ukrainian Diaspora books and press in the National Library of Spain, the exhibits which then passed in its funds.
In 1950 he came to Madrid from Belgium engineer Andrew Cat with his wife - Belgian. Since 1951, he served as the representative of the exile government of UNR and UNRady in Spain. In 1956, Alexander founded the Cat Association of Ukrainian-Spanish friendship. In the late 1950s a gradual decline of the student community and, consequently, decrease the prospects of wider expand activities in Spain A. Cat went to Canada.
Among the Ukrainian, who in 1950 lived in Spain, it is worth mentioning fellow Ukrainian edition of National Radio of Spain Bogdan Zimbalist, who moved to Madrid from Belgium, and in 1959 moved to the United States. Of special note is the engineer-geologist Bogdan Treshnevskyy that came to Spain as an employee of a North American firm that conducted geological studies in the country. He is living in Madrid for a long time in the 1950s maintained close ties with Ukrainian student community. In Madrid some time lived Ukrainian film producer Eugene Deslav that in the years 1943-1953 took several films about the Spanish way of life, and then went to France, and - Reporter Peter Demchuk, who wrote to the Swiss newspaper «Die Taat» and died in 1950 .
The period of 1962-1990 years of the Ukrainian diaspora in Spain was marked by the disappearance of Ukrainian student community and his death in 1963 Buchyns'kyj who maintained contacts with many organizations Diaspora hierarchs of churches, academic institutions. In addition, the professional activities of members of the student community led them scattered around the country, and with the Spaniard marriages contributed to the rapid assimilation, especially their children. However, in this period, most Ukrainian achieved significant success in their professional career. Having Spanish citizenship, they were able to get a government job to occupy high positions in the industry.
In 1970, an important event in the life of Ukrainian in Spain was the visit of Cardinal Joseph Blind to Madrid, where he took the head of the country's Francisco Franco and the Archbishop of Madrid.
When Ukraine Ukrainian independence in Spain contributed to the establishment and development of relations of our country with the world and Spain in particular. To effectively carry out specific projects, the need to establish contacts with official circles of Spain, which in 1994 prompted officially registered Ukrainian community, known Ukrainian association in Spain. Along with it there in Catalonia Association of Friends of Ukraine, organized by Ukrainian families living in the province.
Among the practical measures should help Ukraine to distinguish the activities of engineer-geologist T. Barabash, who became honorary chairman of the Ukrainian community in Spain, engineers and M. A. Zabara tops that within Spanish society SEKOT, part of the EU TACIS, organized the transfer of State Committee Ukraine geology Spanish experience and technology of gold mining and environmental protection, and arranged training for Ukrainian specialists of Spanish companies in this field.
Association members have provided great help in organizing the visit and held Foreign Minister of Ukraine AM Zlenko to Madrid in 1994 and helped open the Embassy of Ukraine in Spain in 1995.
Piclya collapse of the USSR in the mid-1990s there was a so-called "fourth" wave of emigration to the West, including Spain, which are characterized by economic reasons - loss of jobs and falling incomes, especially in rural areas.
An important factor that contributed to the migration of Ukrainian mentality Spanish was close to Ukrainian, lack of xenophobia, hospitality, kindness Spaniards.
Ukrainian emigration in Spain in recent years has continued to grow in numbers. According to the Spanish statistics, as of 2014 the number of Ukrainian immigrants in Spain is about 86 thousand. People who have legal status and over 70 thousand. Those who have residence registration.
According to the Embassy of Ukraine, now in Spain are about 100,000 Ukrainian citizens.
Analysis of surveys and statistical data available shows that the overwhelming majority of Ukrainian in Spain (70%) comes from the western regions of Ukraine (Lviv, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytsky, Rivne, Volyn). The remaining 30% are in central and south-eastern regions of Ukraine (Kyiv, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhia, Kherson, Sumy, Lugansk, Crimea).
The maximum concentration observed in the following Ukrainian cities and their surroundings: Madrid, Barcelona, ??Valencia, Albacete, Alicante, Torev'yeha, Murcia, Malaga, Marbella, Huelva, Seville, Gijon.
Today in Spain operates 31 Ukrainian public organization. Most associations working with the church.
It should be noted that the Ukrainian community in Spain are made up of migrant workers who have changed nationality and Ukraine are in the country temporarily.
Ukrainian educational needs in Spain is quite high: the average age of Ukrainian migrant labor today is around 30-40 years; every third Ukrainian to Spain is of school age children. Ukrainian Association for a long time trying to solve the problem of the organization of the Ukrainian Sunday schools to teach children their native language on the list of items that are not in the Spanish curriculum.
Their religious needs in the host country due to meet Ukrainian Orthodox (Ecumenical Patriarchate) and the Greek Catholic (Church) parishes that conduct services for the citizens of Ukraine. For example, only in Madrid on Sunday at the premises of the Spanish Catholic liturgy occur Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, which has more than 700 people from Ukraine.
Among the problems in the religious sphere can note the almost complete absence in Spain own space for worship.
Relations in law of the host country of Ukrainian citizens residing in Spain, regulated migration legislation, namely the Law "On foreigners", approved by Royal Decree №2393 / 2004, which entered into force on 7 February 2005.
The government pays great attention to the integration of immigrants into Spanish society. The main responsible public authority established the State Secretariat for Immigration and Emigration of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of Spain. Major powers in case the integration of immigrants have regional, provincial and municipal governments, particularly in regard to the allocation of financial and technical assistance to the activities of NGOs.
R. Kukharenko, correspondent
paper "Migration"
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