Ukrainians in Peru
02.10.2017
Ukrainians in Peru
Geography of Peru
Peru is located in the west of South America. In the north, it borders on Columbia and Ecuador, to the east to Brazil, to the south-east to Bolivia, and to the south to Chile. In the west, the country is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Peru is twice the size of Ukraine, its total area is 1,285,216 square. km, and the total length of the state border is 5 536 km.
In the west there is a narrow coastal plain, in the east - the area covered with tropical forests (jungle), and the rest of the country occupies the Andes mountain system. The highest local peak is Mount Ouaskaran, whose height reaches 6,768 meters.
Most of the Peruvian rivers originate in the Andes Mountains and flow into the Pacific Ocean, into the Lake Titicaca, and are also tributaries of the Amazon River.
In Peru quite often there are earthquakes, however, most of them are not devastating.
Ethnic composition
The population of Peru is 27.2 million. 47% are Indians, 32% are Metis, 12% are White, Japanese and Chinese. 49% of the population live below the poverty line. Average life expectancy is 71 years.
The population of Peru - the most diverse in its composition on the American continent. It has 1786 different Indian communities, united in 13 language families, which are mostly scattered around the Amazonian Selva. These are data from the population census published in Lima.
In the rainforests of eastern Peru, there live about one hundred Indian tribes, which are practically isolated from the rest of the population, speak local dialects and engage in hunting, fishing and agriculture.
Another group of indigenous people includes Indians speaking Quechua and Aymara. Many of them moved to the capital of the country - Lima or other cities on the coast, especially after the 1980s in the mountains began a guerrilla war, but many continue to live in the Andes, engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding.
In Peru, land conflicts have lasted for many years between Indian communities, oil companies and the government. In many cases, indigenous people see the emergence of foreign companies as a threat to their habitual habitat, and the state needs energy resources, to which the rich territories belonging to the Indians from time immemorial.
Economy
Major industries: mining, oil, fish, textile, food, cement, metallurgy, shipbuilding. Transport - road, rail, sea. The total length of main oil pipelines is about 900 km. Major seaports - San Nicolas, Callao, Talara, Chimbote, Salaverry, Pisco. Domestic and international airlines serve all regions of the republic and provide links with other Latin American countries and with the United States of America. Peru has three international airports.
Peru is a country of contrasts. For example, in Lima, the cost of housing or its rent depends on the area where it is located. On the periphery or in a dangerous area one can rent a one-room apartment for $ 100 a month, and in an elite or simply a good zone it will cost $ 500-1200. Salary can be considered decent if it is not lower than $ 1,000, although most earn much less.
Political system
According to the Constitution, Peru is a presidential republic headed by a president who is elected for 5 years. The president is the head of state and government and appoints the prime minister.
The one-chamber local parliament is called Congress, it consists of 130 deputies, who are also elected for 5 years.
The main political parties are the "Union for Peru", the Peruvian APIS party, the party "National Unity" and "Alliance for the Future".
Administratively, the country is divided into 25 regions and one province with a center in Lima. The regions, in turn, are divided into districts.
Customs restrictions
There are no restrictions on the import and export of local and foreign currency, but the amount exceeding 10 thousand dollars must be declared.
It is prohibited to import drugs, firearms and ammunition, non-preserved foods. Salami, ham and cheese can only be imported if a certificate issued by the manufacturer.
When buying goods, keep checks - they will need you at the customs when you leave the country. To export items of archeology, art and history, special permission of the relevant authorities is required.
Cities and resorts
The largest cities are Lima, Arequipa, Callao, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Iquitos and Piura.
Peruvian beach resorts are not as famous as, for example, Ecuador and Colombia, but in this country there are some very beautiful beaches, surrounded by the Andes. The most popular local beach resorts are Picasso, Chikama, Paracas, La Pimentel, Tumbes, Trujillo and Lima. The best time to relax on Peruvian beaches is January-March.
Tourists in Peru also offer a large number of historical and environmental excursions, during which they visit the villages of local Indians, explore ancient Indian archaeological complexes, watch unique animals and birds, get acquainted with the way of life of local residents, try traditional Indian dishes.
In the Peruvian mountains there are many therapeutic thermal baths, which are pleased to visit thousands of tourists.
National cuisine
For two consecutive years Lima is considered the culinary capital of the world. The variety and refinement of local dishes is unmatched. Therefore, one of the fashionable professions here is the chef. On this occasion, they even joke: before they asked the boys, who they want to be when they grow up, they said they were football players, and now everyone wants to be cooks. There are three best restaurants in the world in Lima. This is the "Central", which in the year 2015 took the fourth step in the rating of The World's 50 Best Restaurants, the most famous "Astrid and Gaston" - on the 14th place and "Maydo" on the 44th. Peruvians are very proud of their cuisine, and food is one of the favorite topics for conversation. Meal that the Peruvians consider their calling card - Seviche: cut into small cubes fillet of fresh raw fish (usually ocean), which is sprinkled with juice of Peruvian lemon (small, green and very sour), add salt and spicy peach - ahi. Serve the cold immediately after cooking. Peruvian pride is also a sandwich - distilled from grape juice, an alcoholic beverage that has 42-44 degrees. There are many types of sand, depending on which grape variety it is made of. Drink consumed without impurities or added to a cocktail. Every tourist is obliged to taste seviche and sand-salt.
At the same time, Peru has everything you need to cook a real Ukrainian borsch. However, sour cream is not used in national dishes. This is an imported specialty. A 150-gram jar is worth $ 3, making borsch a dish. Given the cost of sour cream, a large pancake of borscht will cost $ 8-10.
Ukrainian diaspora
The Embassy of Ukraine has been operating in Peru since 2003. For Peruvians, Ukrainians are far and small people.
Peru does not have any public associations of Ukrainians, schools or churches. According to official statistics, there are slightly more than 200 Ukrainians living there. However, Peruvian Ukrainians claim that their at least five hundred. Many of those who are not registered in the embassy live in remote areas of the country. However, most live in the capital and the largest city - Lima. Also, Ukrainians are in other major cities such as Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo.
Unfortunately, the cultural life of Ukrainians in Peru is limited to meetings at the embassy for some kind of celebrations or commemorative events. If the Embassy had opened a cultural institution for the study of the Ukrainian language, culture, history, songs, dances, then there would be many who would like to visit it.
Most Ukrainians in Peru are women who have married Peruvians. Someone met in Ukraine, someone in other countries, and someone else on the Internet. Each of them has its own history. Recently many people from Ukraine have come to Peru. There are several Ukrainian companies or local companies in Ukraine that cooperate with Ukraine, mainly in the aviation sector.
For those who have decided to stay in Peru, it is very important to speak spanish at Spanish speaking level. Without this, the ability to integrate into society is very limited. It is also important to be open to the perception of culture, habits and rhythm of local life. Peruvians are very fond of foreigners, so they are good at all.
Ukrainians work in different spheres, including: doctors, teachers, translators, travel guides, real estate brokers, managers, designers, musicians, singers, models.
In Peru there is no such thing as a prestigious profession, there are prestigious companies and positions. And about the profession is an important demand. In this country, the mining industry of copper ore and precious metals, as well as oil and gas is very well developed, therefore the most demanded are engineers, geologists, etc. There are demand IT managers, technical welders.
Most Peruvian Ukrainians intend to stay in their new homeland forever. Their life is already under construction, and they are accustomed to the mild climate and the fact that throughout the year you can eat fresh vegetables and fruits, sea fish and seafood, because the ocean is nearby.
The main problem of local Ukrainians is the enormous distance between Ukraine and Peru, which means long and heavy flights and very expensive tickets.
During the events on Maidan, a group of Ukrainian activists held two solidarity actions,during which the information about Ukraine and the Revolution of Goodwill was disseminated.
R. Kukharenko, editor of the newspaper "Migration"
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