Ukrainians in Kyrgyzstan
01.07.2016
Ukrainians in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan - State Central Asian region, the location of which has important geopolitical and geo-economic importance.
Geographical isolation by high mountains Kirghiz helped preserve their ancient culture. Kyrgyzstan was historically at the crossroads of several major civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial and cultural routes. Although Kyrgyz territory long naselyalasya independent tribes and clans, Kyrgyzstan periodically fell under foreign domination and sovereignty reached only after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
After independence, Kyrgyzstan was officially proclaimed a unitary parliamentary republic. He experienced ethnic conflicts, riots, economic problems, the transitional government and political party scandals.
Currently, the Kyrgyz Republic political, etnoistorychno is between communist past and democratic future. This period is classified as a post-communist society.
Kyrgyzstan, like other Central Asian states, is a place of convergence of four cultural and civilizational layers: European, Arab-Muslim, Persian and Chinese. This, on the one hand, creates favorable conditions for the development of bilateral and multilateral cooperation in various areas, on the other - makes the need for a flexible and balanced foreign policy.
Kyrgyzstan is actively developing diplomatic and other relations with most countries in the world. Practical cooperation shall focus countries with international global and regional organizations.
Kyrgyz language belongs to a branch of Turkic languages ??kypchakskoyi group, it is related to Kazakh, karakalpakskoyu and Nogai languages. By the 1920s, used the Arabic alphabet. In 1928 was presented and adapted the Latin alphabet, which in 1941 replaced the Cyrillic alphabet.
According to the census of 2009, 4.1 million people called the Kyrgyz native or second language and 2.5 million - n. Uzbek language is the third most common mother tongue.
Kyrgyzstan is one of the two former Soviet republics in Central Asia, which declared the Russian language official. Kyrgyzstan became a bilingual country in September 1991.
Today, many politicians and businessmen of different ethnic origins are Russian. Until recently, Kyrgyz remained a language spoken at home and rarely used during meetings or other events. However, the parliamentary session today largely being Kyrgyz, with simultaneous translation for those who speak it.
Most of the country are ethnic Kyrgyz. The largest minorities - Uzbeks and Russians. Most of the population (64%) - Muslims.
Ukrainian diaspora in Kyrgyzstan - the second largest in Central Asia - former Soviet republics. In 1989 there lived 108,3 thousand. Ukrainian, and in 1997 - 71, 2 thousand. They mostly live in the town. Bishkek (34.3 ths.), Osh (18.4 ths.) And Issyk-Kul (7.7 ths.) areas. Only 34.1% consider Ukrainian their native Ukrainian language and 5.9% speak it fluently.
Ukrainians began to settle in Kyrgyzstan in the second half of the nineteenth century. together with the Russians, immediately after the adoption of Kyrgyz citizenship in the late 1860s. The massive relocation of Ukrainian peasants to Kyrgyzstan begins in the second half of 1890. At one time in this region directs the main stream of agricultural immigrants from Ukraine and Russia. In 1897, in Kyrgyzstan there were already 18.6 thousand. Ukrainian. The census of 1926 recorded 64.1 thousand. Ukrainian, who made up 6.5% of the population of the then Kyrgyz SSR, and in areas of compact residence - 29% of the population. Ukrainians were concentrated mostly in cities - Bishkek, Tokmok, Karakol and in the valley of the Chu and Issyk-Kul basin.
Factor industrialization has increased the share of Ukrainian - in 1939 they numbered 137.3 thousand. (9.4% of the population). In the absence of any conditions for national and cultural identity of ethnic Ukrainian lost. As a result, the share of people who consider Ukrainian their native language, has steadily declined. If in 1926 it was 97.1%, in 1959 - already 49.2% and in 1989 - 34.1%.
During the years 1989-1997 emigrated from Kyrgyzstan almost half a million people, mostly Slavic nationalities, as well as Germans and Jews. Despite the loss of a large part of Ukrainian ethnic Kyrgyz its features, there is interest in reviving ethnic Ukrainian culture and language. 52.4% of Ukrainian expressed a desire that their children are fluent in Ukrainian, 38.2% would like to see in their locality was Ukrainian kindergarten, 41.2% approve of the inclusion in school curricula lessons of the Ukrainian language, literature, history, Ethnology. In addition, almost half (48.8%) expressed the wish that their children received higher education in Ukraine.
Conceptual approaches for deepening cooperation between Ukraine and the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of culture are formed on the basis of ancient traditions of cultural interchange that exist between the two countries.
The first national channel goes weekly radio program of the Ukrainian Society of the Kyrgyz Republic (UGC) "Bereginya." Concerts perform Ukrainian folk ensemble "Periwinkle" and creative teams of the Ukrainian diaspora in Kyrgyzstan, including "Enchanted Song" (p. Petropavlivka Dzhayylskoho district), "Red Cranberry" (p. Poltavka Dzhayylskoho district).
In the Kyrgyz higher education centers developing Ukrainian. In particular it: Centre for Ukrainian Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University (KRSU), which in 2001 introduced the Ukrainian language as the second foreign to include the appropriate entry in the diploma held events to promote Ukrainian culture; Center for Ukrainian Language and Culture at the Bishkek Humanitarian University (BSU), which received a license to conduct courses of Ukrainian language. The center held activities on Ukrainian issues. October 30, 2012 in Bishkek Humanitarian University the week Ukrainian language, dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the Center for the Study of Ukrainian language and culture at the BSU. On this occasion, students and teachers have produced an interesting concert program.
In Kyrgyzstan, there is also a Ukrainian school. Fruitfully educational work in secondary school № 48 meters. Bishkek, which already operate '11 Ukrainian classes and Sunday school in the village of Petrovka Chui oblast. In open class lessons Ukrainian students demonstrate their ability to recite poems and sing songs in Ukrainian.
"Bereginya" cooperates with the Embassy of Ukraine in this state. Regular meetings take place with the asset of the NGO. Embassy diplomats involved in the preparation of weekly radio broadcasts in Ukrainian. Conducted joint events dedicated to outstanding and memorable dates.
Embassy took an active part in the development of semantic "Workshop of the Ukrainian language" prepared Bishkek Humanitarian University. With the support of sponsors published 300 copies of the manual. This is the first textbook published in Kyrgyzstan for those learning the Ukrainian language.
Significant event in the cultural life of Kyrgyzstan was the implementation in September 2010 the Ukrainian-Kyrgyz-American project "Scythian Stones".
The project was Hero of Ukraine, People's Artist of Ukraine Nina Matviyenko; known in the United States bandura Ukrainian origin Julian Kytasty; American actors and Kyrgyz theaters.
We should highlight the visit to Kyrgyzstan delegation Ukrainian World Coordinating Council headed by MJ Town Hall (16-18 March 2013). During their stay the delegation visited many places related to the Ukrainian community in Kyrgyzstan. In particular, the village of Peter and Paul Fortress, Petrovka Belovodsk. March 17 the same year in Kara-Balta held a big concert dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the company "Bereginya", which were the Ukrainian and Kyrgyz amateur groups Bishkek and Kara-Balta, Dzhayilskoho, Moscow, Issyk-Ata districts of Chui oblast.
MJ Ratushny and management Dzhayilskoho district of Chui region noted the huge contribution to the process of Ukrainian state current of Kyrgyzstan. Guidance Dzhayilskoho area separately noted that the four thousandth Ukrainian diaspora, who live in the area, is the pride and example for other ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan.
However, the relationship Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan are not all as good as we would like. Last month, Ukraine Embassy in Bishkek sent a note of protest to the Foreign Ministry of Kyrgyzstan. The letter marked "very urgent" announcement concerned the State Service for Migration of Kyrgyzstan that 500 Kyrgyz are employed in Crimean hotels.
In particular, the statement stated that the Embassy considers the actions of the State Service for Migration CD "as an unfriendly step that contradicts the partnership and trusting relationship" between the two countries. Diplomats also warned that residents of Kyrgyzstan who will accept an invitation to work in the Crimea, the risk of being held accountable in accordance with the laws of Ukraine.
Today Ukrainian workers in Kyrgyzstan bit. However, according to an expert in human resource management Mirlan Bayamanov if Kyrgyzstan wants to develop successfully, without visiting intellectuals today the country is necessary. "However, it is not just us. Some countries in general were born and developed only because of immigrants, "- said the expert.
Under the law of the country, an immigrant is a person who enters the CD for permanent residence. For proper status, it submits a claim that is not seen more than one year.
Once the applicant is officially recognized as an immigrant, he issued a residence permit and provided by law guaranteed rights and freedoms. Immigrants, in particular, are entitled to receive education, medical care, pensions, benefits. They could own property and to participate in public associations that do not set themselves political goals.
Also immigrants can work as workers, employees and entrepreneurs.
What they can do is to vote and participate in elections and referenda, to perform military service in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic, to occupy positions in state agencies - immigrant status does not automatically obtain citizenship of Kyrgyzstan.
R. Kukharenko,
correspondent of the newspaper "Migration"
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