Ukrainians in Australia
31.08.2015
Ukrainians in Australia
Ukrainian community in Australia has a special place in the Ukrainian diaspora. Consisting of only 34 thousand people of Ukrainian descent, is the second half of the twentieth century. so has made significant progress in social and cultural life that they can only be compared with the achievements of the North American multi-Ukrainian Diaspora, which recently celebrated its centenary settlement.
The first Ukrainian settlers
Australia, as a country of immigrants, this was primarily for residents of the UK and Ireland - and eventually to the colonies and dominions of the empire. Since the late nineteenth century. from Western Europe arrived a few German, French, and later - the Italian and Greek immigrants. From the Ukrainian and came only a few of these first settlers are only scanty information.
The first Ukrainian settlers came on the fifth continent in the early XIX century. Preserved information about native Poltava sailor Fedor Zubenko, who arrived in 1820 to Sydney in the team of the Russian ship "Opening" and stayed there due to illness. According to some Ukrainian doctor was John Lutsk (or Lotskyy), who arrived in Australia in 1832 and held the position of state botany. Casimir lived in Tasmania Kabat and Volodymyr Kossak, who worked in the local police. In 1850's. Came to Australia and successfully engaged in mushroom farming Michael, who before that served in the Austrian army. Another Ukrainian, I. Zaymak went down with the ship in Brisbane in 1869 and eventually settled in New South Wales, where he was growing oysters.
Mass emigration
Mass emigration to Australia began in the late 1940s. And has become the largest scale in 1949, when Germany, the so-called camps of displaced persons ("Pee Dee"), Ukrainian disperse throughout the world.
Immediately after arriving in Australia Ukrainian rallied and started public church life. In the capitals of the six states formed the Ukrainian community. For coordination and cooperation they joined the Union of Ukrainian Organizations in Australia. In addition, activities launched Union of Ukrainian Australia, youth organization "Plast" and SUM, formed sports associations. The veterans of the two world wars, former UPA soldiers also set up their organization.
Scattered Ukrainian settlement are the states of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia in the vicinity of the largest industrial cities of Australia, near Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. Smaller clusters emerged in Perth, Brisbane, Oxley, Nyukastli, Volonґonzi, Geelong, and Sunshine in Australia's capital Canberra.
Relations with Ukraine
Relations with Ukraine started to establish in 1989 when Australia got MP, poet Dmitry Pavlichko, then chairman of the Society of Ukrainian language to them. Taras Shevchenko. After he visited Australia many politicians, writers, artists, musicians, scientists, businessmen, athletes and artists.
In December 1991 Australia recognized the independence of Ukraine, and later Ukrainian embassy was opened in the Green continent.
Multiculturalism Australia
During Census 1986 29.9 ths. Inhabitants of Australia celebrated their Ukrainian origin, including 21.9 thousand. - Fully Ukrainian and 8.0 thousand. - Partly Ukrainian (Ukrainian was only one of the parents). 15.2 ths. People indicated that communicate with family in Ukrainian. Of Australia's born out of the language spoken by 75% of those born on the fifth continent - 30%. In the ten years that have passed since the previous census (1976), the number of individuals who speak Ukrainian language at home decreased by 14%.
As for the cultural integration of Ukrainian and other so-called novoavstraliytsiv, then for example in Australia, Canada canceled the request for the immediate integration of immigrants into the orbit of British culture. In 1985 the government introduced a policy of multiculturalism, while its focus on the identity of the Australian nation and the Australian patriotism. Under the policy of multiculturalism were introduced so-called ethnic radio, state aid received Saturday schools of ethnic groups, their institutions of social care homes for the elderly, pensioners, etc. Society. Partial support also received Ukrainian studies programs in Australian universities.
The current socio-Ukrainian public life in Australia
The peculiarity of Ukrainian emigration to Australia was that it was more political. This largely determined the direction and forms of social activity Ukrainian diaspora. It sought to influence the Australian politicians, political parties, expanding contacts with government officials, deputies and senators, organized the publication in English of Ukrainian life. For this public libraries of Ukraine passed literature, lectures introduced and established centers of Ukrainian Studies (University. Makvori in Sydney and them. Monash in Melbourne). However, due primarily to lobby for their community are some of the Ukrainian reached the national level in Australian political life.
The main efforts and funds for half a century of its existence, the Ukrainian Diaspora in Australia gave preservation and development of Ukrainian culture and Ukrainian as a whole. The level of activity and achievements in the sphere of culture often dominated by other Ukrainian, significantly up larger Diaspora of Australia.
Among the immigrants was relatively large number of people involved in culture and the arts - teachers, artists, writers and artists. Despite the fact that at the beginning of his stay in Australia, almost all of them were forced to engage in physical labor, the men considered it their duty to the public to continue to volunteer a cultural activity. Thanks to their generous selfless work during the first decades of life on the fifth continent cultural and artistic creativity Ukrainian was marked by a high level of skill.
Significant development and popularity, especially in the 1950s., Reached the Ukrainian amateur theater, having become almost the main form of cultural recreation and a symbol of belonging to a wider community of immigrants Ukrainian cultural process. In every place where Ukrainian settled, there was a theatrical circle. The most famous Ukrainian theater groups include Ukrainian theater of small forms them. B. Blavatska in Adelaide, Theater. Kurbas in Melbourne, Ukrainian Drama Theatre. Lysenko in Melbourne, drama group "Red Poppies" in St Albans and others.
A large spread among Ukrainian Australia became musical choral and folk-dance groups. They were created not only to satisfy their cultural needs most Ukrainian participants and the community at large, but also to represent the Ukrainian culture among zahalnoavstraliyskoyi public.
The Ukrainian community came more than two dozen artists, graphic artists, sculptors, some (M. Kmit, M. Black, J. Lyakhovich, V. Savchak, T. Messak, L. Denisenko et al.) Have been recognized in zahalnoavstraliyskomu environment. In recent decades, more and more known names of artists are born already in Australia.
The basis of the Ukrainian literary process in Australia have laid the literary organizations, the most prominent of which is the Melbourne literary and art club. Especially active life of the club was in 1950 - 1960 rr. The leading role played in its activities writer D. Nytchenko that support young talents created a fund awards Vseavstraliyskoho Ukrainian contest of young writers.
Inseparable attribute of social and public life in Australia is Ukrainian Ukrainian schools. Ukrainian ethnic (Saturday) school based there were still 1949 in temporary resettlement camps. From the very beginning of the Ukrainian Diaspora in five continents, these schools played an important role in the preservation of the Ukrainian language in the formation of knowledge about Ukraine, its history, culture, customs and religion. The survey, conducted in the late 1980's., Found consensus views of pupils and teachers about the purpose Ukrainian education in Australia: "Trying to develop the Ukrainian language and Ukrainian raise consciousness." Realizing the importance of Ukrainian schools in the preservation of itself as an ethnic group, Ukrainian open such schools wherever settled. For example, in Adelaide in 1960-1970 years. 67% of children of Ukrainian origin studying in Ukrainian Saturday school. Australian sociologist Jean Martin notes that this indicator Ukrainian ranks first among immigrant communities.
One of the most important consequences for Ukrainian policy of multiculturalism was that the Ukrainian language was recognized matriculation, that was included as a subject entrance exams to universities.
An important factor in organized Ukrainian life in Australia is the press, which has always created on a voluntary basis with the financial support of various Ukrainian institutions. Currently, the two largest Ukrainian cells obtained two weeklies: "The Church and the life" (supported by the Ukrainian Diocese of the Catholic Church in Melbourne) and "Free Thought" (in Sydney) that has a non-partisan non-confessional character newspaper.
At the initiative of Ukrainian writer and public figure D. Nytchenka in Australia from 1958 annually conducted bimonthly Ukrainian books and press.
In a number of Australian cities aired out Ukrainian radio programs, which have already become familiar communication channels Ukrainian community. Recently, with the financial support of the Government, carried out as part of the Australian policy of multiculturalism, they went on a professional basis.
New immigrants
At 90 years a new wave of Ukrainian immigration is different from previous character and provides more prevahu economic reasons than political. Relationships of previous generations of Ukrainian diaspora and new wave are rare in contacts of different Ukrainian diaspora organizations with single newly arrived immigrants who are not yet permitted to acquire rights of co-founders of community lending institutions. The demolition of myths about the distant and little known Ukraine created a barrier between the waves of Ukrainian emigration.
Roman Kukharenko,
correspondent of the newspaper "Migration"
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