Ukrainian Kuban
01.06.2017
Ukrainian Kuban
The first Ukrainian settlers on the lands of Kuban
The first detachment of Cossacks who moved from the Southern Bug to the Kuban headed by Colonel Black Sea Cossack forces Sava White. The detachment consisted of 3847 infantry Cossacks with guns and was sent 51 boats. Flotilla headed to the White yachts, accompanied by the foreman Pustoshkinym specially seconded for this purpose the Cossacks royal government went 16 August 1792 from Ochakiv estuary and 25 August came to Taman (now the village of Krasnodar region). Cossack boats were unloaded, guns and supplies left them for a while in Fanahoriyskiy fortress Cossacks are the main force in Taman and some boats sent to the estuary at the mouth of the Kuban as a guard unit for monitoring the Circassians.
Arriving at the Kuban Cossacks settled booth whose names were transferred from Zaporozhye, Baturin, Irkliiv, Kalnybolotskyy, Kanev, Pereiaslav and Poltava, Uman, Korsun, Mena, Medvedivka more.
Active settlement Kuban
Kuban colonization took place during the second wave of migration, which began in the years 1802-1810 - the Cossacks Ekaterinoslavskogo and Ust-Danube Cossack troops Budzhatskoho and Danusian camp; and in 1809-1811 years - the Cossacks in Poltava and Chernihiv provinces. And from 1809 to 1849 year in Ukraine from Kuban were resettled only registered Cossacks with families about 109 thousand people.
Active migration of Ukrainian population in Kuban continued throughout the XIX century. Data on the ethnic composition of the population of Kuban for 1882 presented in the Caucasian calendar 1886 indicate that 46.8% of residents were Ukrainian, 41.0% - Russians, 9,73% - Highlanders, 1.3% - Germans 0.6% - Armenians. Ukrainian dominance in the region lasted until 1930.
Ukrainian national movement in the years 1917-1920
After the February Revolution of 1917 Kuban Cossacks, sensing the fragility of the situation Provisional Government and being dissatisfied with its half-hearted policy, began to unite around the head of the Provisional Kuban Regional Executive Committee, Commissioner of the Provisional Government cadet Kondrati Bardizha, advancing with an independence slogans: "Power field "and" for Kuban Kuban ".
April 17th Cossack Congress elected Chairman of the Military Council of the Kuban boundary Nicholas Riabovol Kuban and created temporary military government, which consisted of seven members of the Kuban Regional Executive Committee and eight elected members of the Council of Cossacks. The government headed by Colonel Alexander Filimonov, and later - Luke Beach. Supporters Riabovol rod and advocated the independence of the Kuban and strengthening relations with Ukraine, and the group spent Filimonov rate on hold Kuban within.
A large number of Ukrainian people and Ukrainian ethnic component vyokremlenist led Russian forces to fight pro-Ukrainian sentiments. Thus, in June 1919 after a speech at the Cossack conference in Rostov-on-Don, which became one of the attempts to create in southern Russia Union State formation, was killed by National Council head Nikolai Ryabovil. None of the Cossacks no doubt that Riabovol killed on the orders of the commander of the White Army General AI Denikin.
After the murder of Nicholas Riabovol army in southern Russia, which is composed of 80-85% Kuban Cossacks began disappointment command policies that affected its combat effectiveness.
At the end of 1919 Kuban Rada sent to the Paris Peace Conference delegation, which was to defend the independence of the Kuban. In response to AI Denikin dispersed Council, odnin member delegation - Alex Kulabuhova - was hanged. Further PN Wrangel, who in March 1920 was the power of Denikin, relying on generals - people from the Kuban Cossacks (Sergei Ulahay Vyacheslav Naumenko Ivan Hulyha Andrew skins, etc.) - has made active efforts to pro-Ukrainian declination minded Kuban Kuban Rada and the government on the side of the White army. These attempts did not produce tangible results, and the pro-Russian policy of the White Movement generals led to an outflow of Kuban army.
Government Bolsheviks did not forgive Kuban participate in the White movement and pro-Ukrainian sentiments, resulting in action with "rozkozachuvannya" and the confiscation of land.
National revival
1920 is a short period of Ukrainian national revival in the Kuban. In 1926, Krasnodar Ukrainian language published "The Red Newspaper", which until 1927 was the only Ukrainian newspaper in the RSFSR. In the second half of 1920 was published in the Kuban and Ukrainian literary and art magazine "new way". It was later renamed the "Leninsky way". But the Soviet government was not interested in preserving Ukrainian Kuban culture. Ukrainian population held against repression. In an effort to reduce its Russian Bolsheviks had provoked famine and collectivization. In 1932 the Kuban were closed all Ukrainian school, Ukrainian and books no longer be issued. Ukrainian language was seen as manifestation of "Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism." Thus, the Ukrainian national revival in the Kuban turned nedovhym.Stanom in 1926 Ukrainian Kuban still remained the most significant largest ethnic group which was 45.48% of the inhabitants. During the period from 1897 to 1926, their number in the province increased by 73.95%. In the Kuban and Black Sea districts their share accounted for respectively 61.48% and 35.66% of the population. Much of the Ukrainian concentrated in Armavir (32.27%) and Maikop (29.73%) okruhah.Povoyennyy chasPislyavoyenna Kuban - Russified region where more than three millionth of Ukrainian population were only 145 thousand people. Victor Chumachenko - Professor Krasnodar University of Culture and Arts - one of the active leaders of Ukrainian Kuban, Kuban investigator history of Ukrainian literature says he is simply a schoolboy in 1960 Ukrainian language became interested and began reading old textbook "Ukrainian literature". The reaction to such interest he describes as negative: "Nobody approved of my new hobbies, outdoor friends thought that I was not in his mind and in schools vying repeated that the use of Ukrainian words - is illiterate, and if I was not corrected, the I unlikely to go to university. " The beginning of the 1990s - a period kind of revival in Ukrainian Kuban lands. Then Kuban was fashionable topic in the Ukrainian press. After the collapse of the Soviet policy aimed at gradual assimilation of non-Russian peoples were provided for the development of national cultures of the region, including Ukrainian. For example, in 1991 in the marginal experimental nursery school of folk art was created bandura under the direction of L. Tsyhotskoyi. Bandura Ensemble participated in music competitions in Ukraine. Ukrainian Kuban began to receive Ukrainian books. Ukrainian leaders, journalists and literary critics - Victor Burbelo (Kyiv), Gregory Rudnytsky (Sevastopol) Zavgorodniy Andrew (Luck) - Kuban sent to Ukrainian literature. Some books from the library Khomenko Ukrainian literary James (1901-1993) was transferred to Ukrainian Kuban. Vasil and Oksana Verigo sent from Canada several books on Cossacks. "Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies" on the initiative T. gave some Zakydalsky Ukrainian book Ukrainian Kuban local ukrayintsyam.Zusyllyamy issued "Bulletin of the Society of Ukrainian culture in Kuban." In 2005, the Association of Ukrainian culture in Kuban was registered as a "Society of Ukrainian Kuban" Kuban .Sered many Ukrainian activists seeking to promote and preserve Ukrainian culture and language in the Kuban. In 2005, John died Barabbas - a poet and promoter of Ukrainian Kuban culture. Barabbas published several collections of poetry, and published in the Soviet period Ukrainian national anthem "Ukraine is still alive", which incurred the wrath of party members. Nikolay Sergienko - one of the Ukrainian Kuban leaders and the head of the local Ukrainian cultural avtonomiyi.U 2003-2005. Donetsk as an "Eastern magazine" published interregional monthly newspaper "Cossack Land" - For Ukraine, the Don region, North Caucasus (including Kuban ). It gave their front pages to print materials about the life of Ukrainian Kuban, Northern Caucasus, the Don region. The composition of the editorial board of "Cossack region" included, in particular, Nicholas Ternavska - Chairman of the "Society of Ukrainian Culture Kuban" (TUKK) .Marsh for federalization Kubani17 August 2014 in Krasnodar had to pass the "March for the federalization of Kuban" under the slogan "Enough to feed Moscow! . "" The ultimate goal of the movement for the federalization of Russia - to minimize the power of Moscow and return people to govern their land, organize and influence their own lives, "- said Peter Lubchenco, activists federalization Kubani.Na given web page th event stated: "The autonomy of Moscow Kuban residents will introduce a regional component of business tax holiday; exercise their constitutional right to own more independent from central government and eliminate the unconstitutional situation where all decisions are made by the government in Moscow, where there are no representatives who are able and willing to stand up for the interests of the Kuban; Kuban protect populations whose rights are violated, including the rights of ethnic Ukrainian and exercise their right to federalization, according to Art. 1 of the Constitution, and the right to self-determination "for the federalization .Marsh Kuban was held at the Theater Square in Krasnodar. However, the event was disrupted. Organizers planned to hold it in the format of the national assembly. Activists gathered to hand out leaflets during the march, but on the eve of some of them detained by police. In particular, in Krasnodar was detained activist Darya Polyudova.
R. Kukharenko
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