Ukrainian in Moldova
01.12.2016
Ukrainian in Moldova
Background
Republic of Moldova - a country in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with Ukraine and Romania. Capital - Chisinau. Moldova's territory is 33,846 square kilometers, but a de facto part of the (unrecognized PMR) is not controlled by the government. The population of the current assessment on January 1, 2016 is 3,553,100 people. It occupies the 118th place in the world by population and 135th in terms of area. Landlocked does not.
Administratively divided into 32 districts, 5 munytsipiyiv, 1 autonomous territorial entity (Gagauzia) and administrative units left bank of the Dniester.
It features significant ethno-cultural diversity. Around 93% of Orthodox Christians.
Independence was proclaimed on August 27, 1991 From 1924 to 1940 there was a Moldavian ASSR in the Ukrainian SSR. From 1940 to 1991 the rights of union republic was part of the Soviet Union called the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (since June 5, 1990 - Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova).
Ukrainian community
Ukrainians Moldova - the most numerous of all ethnic minorities. In 1989, their share in the population of the republic amounted to 13.8% (in 1959 - 14.6%, in 1970 and 1979 - by 14.2%). Thus, every seventh resident of Moldova is Ukrainian. Russians who after Ukrainian in second place, 13.0% are residents of Moldova. Overall, in 1989 this country had 600.3 thousand. Ukrainian, almost 50% more than the 1959 total of 369 villages in Moldova, most of the population is Ukrainian.
To compare interesting to give the following information: lives in Moldova nearly twice more Ukrainian than Moldovans Ukraine (325 ths.) And 30% more than in Ukraine Moldovans and Romanians living together (460 thousand.).
Historic national traditions, language, culture - is the most important factors that have always united the representatives of the Ukrainian nation. However, the fate of the Ukrainian language Ukrainian Bessarabia was extremely complex, its development and operation influenced the difficult socio-political conditions. Because of this, the Ukrainian language in Bessarabia not find application either at national level or in community organizations. Ukrainians were in spiritual isolation that caused the denationalization was of the inhabitants of the region.
The history of the formation of the Diaspora
For different reasons and at different times was Ukrainian migration in search of a better life. For a long time, some in Ukraine, as the colonies were within the empire and neighboring states, and found themselves outside the Ukrainian national all-spiritual influence of his native land.
Thus, in the XIV century. Ukrainian Bukovina was under the rule of the Moldavian principality. Level of a culture zavoyovnytsi was significantly lower than in Ukraine as well as Ukrainian culture was able to actively influence the development of the language and culture of Moldova. Moldovan writing feel special effect old Ukrainian assembly language for the Moldovans had for officers (clerks) of people of Ukrainian descent of Bukovina.
Settling Ukrainian territory between the Southern Bug and Dniester was a middle of the XVIII century. and increased late XVIII century., that after the transition area from Turkey (Crimean Khanate) to the Russian Empire.
In the interwar period Romanian Ukrainian in Moldova have very limited rights for cultural development; Ukrainian, especially in the 30s, copied to the Romanians. That is why their number in 1939 in what is now Moldova amounted to 173 thousand. People, while according to the census of 1930 - 347.5 thousand.
Postwar census data indicate a significant reduction in the share of Ukrainian citizens consider Ukrainian their native language. If in 1959 their share was 86.3%, 1970 - 79.4%, in 1989 - 61.6%, significantly higher this percentage in rural areas, especially in areas densely populated by Ukrainian (on the border Ukraine), significantly lower - in the cities, especially in the capital of the republic. On the one hand, the result of the constant increase in the number of the Russian population, and on the other - the result of the steady strengthening of Russification.
And the Russian population in Moldova grew quickly than by moving to rural areas, but because of resettlement in cities, especially in large and medium. In Chisinau, for example, in 1989, the number of Russians (181.0 thousand.) Was almost twice higher than Ukrainian (98.2 thousand.), Though the republic Ukrainian population to 40 thousand. People outnumber the Russians. This, of course, leads to strengthening the process of Russification in general, and especially in medium and large cities, where the proportion of Russians is especially high. If in 1959 in Chisinau Ukrainian whose mother tongue was 55.4% of Ukrainian, in 1989 - only 41.2%.
One of the most important means of preserving their language is Ukrainian rituals, traditions and customs of Ukrainian people, transmitted from generation to generation.
Writer M. Slaboshpytsky stressed that the diaspora carefully brought up their children with the idea of ??Ukraine. It was specific training in chuzhomovnomu environment for which Ukraine has always been "an extraordinary miracle." Ukrainians who settled here long ago, sometimes in the third and fourth generation have lost their language, for them it was the foreign, but the memory of their ancestors return to their roots, to the beautiful melodious Ukrainian language, which are of interest and enthusiasm study.
The boundaries of the settlement
Many areas are in many Ukrainian regions Moldova. These include the northern, southern and western parts bordering Ukraine, the central part and others. Some Ukrainian rural settlements located in the extreme eastern regions of the left bank of the Moldavian Transnistria. This autochthonous Ukrainian land where the Ukrainian on the border with the Moldovan ethnic group living for two centuries (areas of Iasi, Balti, etc.).
In Chisinau, for example, the number of Ukrainian in 1989 amounted to 98.2 thousand. Persons and increased compared to 1959, four times as compared to 1970 - almost double. According to Census 1989, in Chisinau has about 17% of the Ukrainian republic; Ukrainian accounts for over 12% of all inhabitants of the Moldovan capital.
Ukrainian high proportion (sometimes predominant) is in territory formerly part of the Moldavian ASSR: Ribnitsa (44.6%), Tiraspol (32.2%), Dub?sari (30.1%), Balti (25.5%) , Bender (18.2%), Cahul (15.8%), forty (15.5%) and others.
Despite the location of the border of Moldova and Ukraine, among them established very limited migration ties. In 1989, for example, came from Moldova Ukraine 9 thousand. People, including a Ukrainian - 3,3 thousand. In Ukraine, in turn, moved from Moldova 11.7 thousand. People, including a Ukrainian - 4 5 thousand. The increase in the number of Ukrainian in Moldova was not so much because of migration as through their natural growth.
Ukrainian of Moldova
The Ukrainian community has 11 local organizations, including the library Lesya Ukrainian, company "community", led by Parliament's deputy Oleksandr Oliynyk, Union Ukrainian, company "Testament" in Balti, "Enlightenment", Charitable Foundation "Renaissance" youth organization "Accord ".
In the Republic there are 57 schools where we study the Ukrainian language and literature, customs and history; 23 folklore ensembles.
On the TV show Ukrainian language "Dawn" is given 30 minutes of airtime every week.
Of the 101 MPs 10 are Ukrainian. How Ukrainian diaspora with the historic homeland through company "Ukraine", civic and cultural organizations. A significant role in strengthening these ties play a journal "Ukrainian Diaspora", which gives the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
However, in general Ukrainian diaspora in Moldova numerically higher than the Russian, staged in the national-cultural respect in a different, much worse conditions. Because national-cultural revival of the Ukrainian community is of paramount importance and requires generally a reasonable solution.
Visit of Ukrainian parliament
As the press service of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Ukrainian situation in Moldova was one of the key themes of the visit to this country Ukrainian parliamentary delegation headed by Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee Anne Hopko, held in May this year.
"The life and problems of Ukrainian community in Moldova discussed at meetings of activists from MPs, held in Chisinau and Balti by Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Moldova John Hnatyshyn," - said in a statement.
Especially representative and was busy meeting the Ukrainian House in Balti with representatives of Ukrainian community as law-and left-bank Moldova. Among the participants were teachers, heads of village councils, teachers of Ukrainian Belsky University, members of the Moldovan Parliament.
It was noted that Ukrainian in Moldova have the opportunity to study their mother tongue in public schools, but the number of these schools is gradually reduced. The participants noted the importance of the preservation of Ukrainian identity of Ukrainian media Ukrainian network of schools in the country, Ukrainian Centre in Balti. It is important that the Ministry of Education of Moldova understand the needs of the Ukrainian community and promise support.
But Ukraine, for its part, is to strengthen state support of compatriots in the neighboring country, convinced Hanna Hopko.
"The main thing now - is to restore full TV and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine in Moldova, which is not enough local Ukrainian, especially in the north. The second important block - support the Ukrainian education in Moldova - modern textbooks, educational materials, training graduates Ukrainian universities ", - said Anna Hopko.
R. Kukharenko, correspondent
paper "Migration"
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