Olexa Tykhyi is a dissident And a linguist from the Donetsk region
31.08.2017
Olexa Tykhyi is a dissident And a linguist from the Donetsk region
Oleksa Ivanovich Tikhii (January 27, 1927, Ezhivka village near Druzhkovka, Donetsk region - May 5, 1984, Perm hospital) - Ukrainian dissident, human rights activist, teacher, linguist, founding member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. Speak to the Ukrainian language.
Due to his abilities, he entered the Moscow University at the Faculty of Philosophy. After graduation, he worked as a teacher, a teacher.
In 1948, he was first convicted by the military tribunal of Stalinsk (now Donetsk) for criticizing a candidate for deputy for 5 years imprisonment, but the military tribunal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian district replaced the sentence on conditional sentence.
He was arrested again in February 1956 for a letter sent to the Central Committee of the CPSU with a protest against the introduction of the Warsaw Pact troops in Hungary. On April 18, 1957, at a closed meeting of the Stalin Regional Court (Donetsk) on the basis of Art. 54-10 p. 1 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR "for anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" was sentenced to 7 years of camps and 5 years of deprivation of civil rights.
While in concentration camps in Mordovia, O. Tikhii met with many activists of national liberation competitions, in particular with composer V. Barvinsky and doctor B. Kortuh, who helped to compile, and subsequently publish the book "Medications around us". Lukyanenko reminded about a meeting with Tychy, a well-known human rights defender, Lukyanenko: "For the first time, we saw him in the spring of 1961 at the Mordvin concentration camp in the village of Sosnivka. In the strong hold of his hands, in all his figure and even in the course of some kind of balance of his high soul was felt.
He did not complain about the difficulties of camp life. He did not notice them. But he never became accustomed to the administration's injustice and mockery. However, pricking of prisons and selective cruelty was usually perceived with humor, encouraging others. "
After the liberation of February 15, 1964, the quiet, unable to get a job in the specialty, worked as a loader, mechanical locksmith, firefighter. At the same time, he carried out a lot of work on the layout of the Ukrainian language dictionary, developed a "method of teaching without a school" (for homework). In his journalistic writings he advocated the revival of the Ukrainian language and national culture in the Donetsk region.
In January 1972, Tychy sent an article "Thoughts on the Ukrainian Language and Culture in Donetsk Oblast" to the editorial board of the newspaper "Sovietne Donetsk". And so far, the views expressed in it by Alexei Tikhym remain relevant. "How to understand who lives in the Donetsk region in Ukraine, and Russia has a homeland? An emigrant or an invader? ", He thought.
In early 1973, he sent a letter to the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic entitled "Opinions about the native Donetsk region" (in April, the letter was sent to the head of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR I. Grushetsky). In 1974 he wrote an essay called "Village Problems" and the Thoughts "You and We" in which he opposed the process of Russification and the protection of the Ukrainian language. So, in particular, Tykhyi found that out of 1200 schools in Donetsk, only a hundred were with the Ukrainian language of instruction. And those are located in distant villages and have from 50 to 150 pupils. At the same time, in urban Russian schools, the teaching of pupils ranged from 500 to 2500. This was in fact a lingvocide: a targeted Soviet government policy aimed at destroying the language and culture of the Ukrainian people.
In November 1976, Tychy, together with M. Rudenko, O. Meshko, P. Grigorenko, L. Lukyanenko, O. Berdnik and others, acted as a founding member of one of the first human rights associations - the Ukrainian public group promoting the implementation of the Helsinki Accords and signed the first UHG documents - "Declaration of the Ukrainian Public Group for the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords" and "Memorandum No. 1".
Literary and human rights activities of the Peace became the reason for his second arrest in early February 1977. The case of Peace was combined with the case of the former secretary of the Party Committee of the Union of Writers of Ukraine M. Rudenko. In June-July 1977, during the trial ("the case on Rudenko-Tikhoy"), Olex Tikhko was accused of "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" and "illegal possession of weapons" in Druzhkivka, Donetsk Oblast (a rifle was thrown up). On July 21, 1977, a sentence was pronounced: under Art. 62 part 2 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR of the Peace was deprived of liberty for 10 years in a correctional labor colony of a special regime with the following exile for 5 years. Recognized by the court as "an extremely dangerous recidivist." The place of his punishment was the special regime camp LC-385/1, the village of Sosnivka in Mordovia, where he was stationed to the hospital in Nizhny Tagil.
Prominent human rights activists spoke in defense of the Peace: Petro Grigorenko, Andrei Sakharov, Levko Lukyanenko, Oleksandr Podrabinek and others.
In his memoirs, Lukyanenko testified that in December 1979, on the 17th day of the hunger strike, the stomach broke through the protest against the mistreatment of the guards of the concentration camp in the Pacific. Before the operation, he was offered to write about the rejection of his convictions, hinting that the results of the operation depend on this. However, a prisoner rejected the auction with his conscience, even before the real threat of death.
In March 1980 he was transferred to the special regime camp for political prisoners in the village. Kuchino (Chusovsky district of the Perm region, Russia).
Several times, he declared a hunger strike (the longest - 52 days). The quiet were kept in the executioner. "It was just a mosquito period. His, lying on the floor, snatched mosquitoes, weighed 40 kilos, "wrote Vasyl Ovsienko. He was given an operation, followed by a hernia.
"You will live in torments and not for long," one of the doctors said to Tikh, and during his next surgery, he stuck his stomach in the form of a "sand hour", so that the digestive process was unbearably painful, says Vasyl Ovsienko.
It was difficult for the patient of the Pacific to be deprived of the right to meet with relatives all the time, accusing him of "violating the camp regime". However, this did not make Peace write "repentance".
For many years in prison, hunger strikes have tarnished the health of Alexei Tikhogo. On May 5, 1984, he died after a regular operation in a prison hospital in Perm. On the last days of his suffering life, Vasyl Ovsienko, a sister of the Pacific on concentration camps, recalled: "Death metastases have already penetrated the painful body of Aleksin through, but the blessed smile, which he illuminated the interlocutor, did not go down from his face. Frustrated, he lay on the floor, covered his knees with his hands, and so stubborn, without groaning, suffered fierce pains and curses of supervisors, who demanded to work "without violating the regime." In the prison, the SIZO (free-guard prison) was quietly thrice for 15 days, which made his health a catastrophic state. He was transferred to the hospital, from which he returned to the cell, "as he was shot from the cross," Vasyl Stus wrote in his "Scribble Notes".
On May 6, 1984, Olexa Tykhyi died at the prison hospital. UHG members claim that they left without care.
Ukraine has not forgotten her son. On November 19, 1989, Oleksu Tikhogo, along with Vasyl Stus and Yuriy Lytvyn, was reburied at Baykovoye cemetery in Kiev (section number 33).
By Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR dated December 7, 1990, the sentences regarding the Petition were canceled and the case was closed "in the absence of a crime".
By Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 937 dated November 8, 2006, for civic courage, selflessness in the struggle for the establishment of the ideals of freedom and democracy, and on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the creation of the Ukrainian Community Group for the Promotion of the Helsinki Accords, Oleksa Tikhii was awarded the Order "For Courage" and the degree (posthumously )
On January 26, 2007, the solemn opening of the memorial plaque devoted to Aleksey Tikhom in Druzhkovka city and the monument in the courtyard of the school № 14 in the village of. Alekseyevo-Druzhkivtsi of the Donetsk region, where Tihiy studied in the 1940s, and then taught.
On May 16, 2007 in Donetsk Donetsk Regional Philharmonic Hall held a major memorial event on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of its birth and the 23rd anniversary of its death, as well as the presentation of the publication of the book "Olexa Tykhyi. Language is a people. Speech on the language and its significance in the life of the people ". In addition, the audience presented the publication of memoirs about Alex Tychoi "Stradnitsky way of Ukrainian human rights activist. Methodical Manual for Teachers "and" Dictionary of Donate Donate Mistakes of Ukrainian Speaks ".
In 2008, according to the results of the city contest "10 famous friends", conducted by the city newspapers "Nasha Druzhkovka" and "Druzhkovka in palms", Olexa Tihipy was recognized as the most famous friend.
Starting from 2007, DU VUT "Prosvita" named after Taras Shevchenko holds the annual "Oleksin reading", which involves high school students of Donetsk secondary schools, students, young educators. The winners of the readings are rewarded with a trip to Kyiv.
In 2010, with the assistance of O. Tikhoy, Olexiy Tihoo published books on "Shevchenko's Language" and "Opinions on Education." To the 85th anniversary of the birth under the editorship of Vasyl Ovsienko, a two-volume edition was published, which included both the articles of Oleksiy Ivanovich himself and testimony of his outstanding people.
The streets, named after Olexiy Tihogo, are in several settlements of Ukraine.
R. Kukharenko, vlastor
The newspaper "Migration"
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