Michael Stelmach - neformatnyy classic
31.08.2016
Michael Stelmach - neformatnyy classic
Several generations of Ukrainian works were read Michael Stelmach - it works out millions of copies. Not surprisingly, the letters from all over Ukraine Stelmach received bags. People who are not familiar with each other, wrote that he told me about their lives and give thanks for it ...
Somewhere in the second half of the thirties famous writer James Kachur once brought to Maxim Rila young teacher, "very few spoke and blushed all the time." Maxim Tadeyovych about it says this: "He shyly showed me his poems, from which and breath fresh and original talent, and a large handwritten notebook entries songs - lyrics with notes. I learned that a teacher takes an active part in the social life of the village and yet have time to read a lot. In winter, the frost in Snowstorm, walk a few dozen kilometers from the village, he went to Kyiv to the library ... ".
It also was Michael Stelmach, who through tireless work on themselves, thanks unquenchable thirst for knowledge eventually becomes prominent writer, one of the greatest modern masters of artistic expression.
Michael Stelmach Panasovych Born May 24, 1912 in the village Dyakivtsyah Lityn County in Vinnytsia region in a peasant family.
Fabulously poetic world of childhood is full of all the unusual, romantic, surprising. All this then, many years great writer tells Michael Stelmach in his autobiographical poems-stories "Geese-swans fly" and "Christmas Eve."
After completing elementary school in rural Michael Stelmach entered the collective farm school youth, and which ends in 1928, then - the Vinnytsia Pedagogical School, and there the Vinnytsia Pedagogical Institute. Having a higher education degree, Michael Panasovych becoming a teacher. For six years he worked in this capacity in rural schools skirts and Woodlands, and then moved closer to Kyiv - the village of Desna Litky.
The first poetic attempts Stelmakh fall somewhere in 1936. Then in subsequent years and in magazines and newspapers published his poems.
Of course, with the talent necessary to be born, but the technology still have to grind ... Stelmakh lucky with literature teachers in the years 1939-1940 he was the writers courses at the Union of Writers of Ukraine - the "engineers of human souls", which managed to survive the years 1937-1938, napuchuvaly creative young people on the right path. However, attendance rates favorably affected the formation Stelmakh writer - 1941 already saw the publication of his debut poetry collection "Good morning" with a foreword by Maxim Rila.
Before the war, as Stelmach told a circle of close friends, he was twice omitted repression. First, he was summoned to the NKVD and showed denunciation, supposedly written by his best friend, with whom Michael Panasovych with a teacher. But Stelmach said that writing is not the one that betrayed his friend. Later "black funnels" arrived at night to the village house where Stelmach angle shot of the hostess. The guest house was not (by a strange coincidence, he decided to take a walk in the evening, lost in the swamps of the Dnieper and returned to the house at the dawn). A housewife, a good soul, said the NKVD that tenants moved over here and come back.
When the war began, Michael Stelmach took it all. Martial colleagues recall that he feared nothing - always eager to get to the front. After the second injury would komisuvaty Stelmakh, but he found a roundabout way back to the front - have no artillery, and correspondent of the First Ukrainian Front "For the honor of the motherland."
After the war, the writer-soldier returns to a favorite cause - depth study of oral folk poetry. People's thoughts and songs, tales and proverbs, folk legends and anecdotes, legends - all of which collects, studies and investigates thoroughly. For several years he worked Fellow Institute of Art, Folklore and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences, which organizes and edited collections of folk art, writing research papers, working on their own compositions.
Over his works Stelmach worked very carefully. It did not take pen in hand, while not thought through all of the text on the first page to the last. Not surprisingly, the writing process lasted several years. And every sentence read aloud Stelmach - vyviryuvav it sounds ... Kids writer mentions that used to fall asleep and wake up his mutterings. Even already published works he read with a red pencil in his hand.
After the war Stelmakh quite effectively acts in various genres of literature - he wrote poems and articles, stories and novels, plays and screenplays. From work to work growing mastery of the writer, and Stelmach has become one of the greatest artists of Ukrainian artistic expression.
In 1949, I published the first great novel Stelmakh "In our land" which the author defined as the first book, the novel chronicles. In 1951 he published a second book of the novel "Big fallow." By combining into one work of both, the writer gives the novel called "The Great relatives." For this work in 1951, Michael Stelmach was awarded the State Prize.
In subsequent years, the writer got the reader new novel, "Blood of Man - Not Flow" (1957), "Bread and Salt" (1959), "Truth and Falsehood" (1961), "Thinking of you" (1969), "Four fords "(1961-1974).
The third time the clouds thickened over Stelmakh when fellow writers workshop "prosyhnalizuvaly" about his "nationalist sentiment". Saved message from Moscow to award the writer Stalin Prize - for his novel "Blood of Man - is thicker than water", which in Ukraine almost fell into the category prohibited. In Soviet literature sung romantic revolution with its bloodshed and fratricide, and the Stelmakh not pathos - pain. Moreover, despite all the intricacies of the plot, it is clear that those who fought in the army of UNR - it's not the heroes "with a minus sign ...".
"Four fords" began throat then secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party ideology on Valentine Malanchuk. This fierce fighter of all Ukrainian decided to play safe and not allow for publication of the anti-Soviet work. In "Four fords" was as much as 5 reviews. The text had to "cut" to a more acceptable in terms of ideology then.
Harassment by Malanchuk Michael Stelmach has experienced hard - seriously ill. In the end, the writer asked for support directly to Moscow - oddly, there's romance approved, and he has had to see the world ... in Russian! But Ukrainian ideologues saw that really "perebdily" and still "four fords" first came out in the USSR in original ...
"Truth and Falsehood" is also anti-Soviet was already after the publication. After all, the main character, Mark Immortal, like communist soldier, but the former prisoner of Stalin's camps. In addition, he man "on earth" knows what, where, how and when to plant, but the instructions of the authorities directly contrary to common sense tilling. When Marco manages to cook dinner collective farmers working in the field from dawn to dusk - like a very normal gesture, because people need to eat! - He is accused of squandering of state property ...
However, consider Michael Stelmach dissident would be wrong. He did not fight the system and coexisted with it, receiving awards and skipping past the ears accusations of nationalism and kulak apologetics. He used the power system against itself - and it was much more efficient than open protest. You could write something overtly anti-Soviet - and then follow the usual route to Solovki. Or, if possible, to emigrate and even abroad write anything they want ... But Stelmach remained with his people. His works are characteristic of specific interweaving of socialist realism and feelings of the author. Stelmach could write truthfully about everything - "their" read between the lines that the "alien" is not seen.
In the book "Geese flying swans" are the following lines: "Even in terrible one thousand nine hundred and thirty third year, starving, Uncle Nikolai kepkuvav with their misfortune. Zustriv his spring I have obrezkloho, rozbalakalys of grief, remembered neighbors that moved early to the cemetery, posumuvaly ... "This was actually the first mention of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Soviet literature.
In 1952 he published his novel "Over Cheremosh" and then - "Geese-swans fly" (1964) and "Christmas Eve" (1967).
After the war and the writer continues to write poetry, published several collections of "Ways daylight" (1948), "Rye forces recruited" (1954), "Poems" (1958), "Poppy bloom" (1968) and others.
Received in 1961 Lenin Prize for his trilogy "Bread and Salt" (1959), "Blood of Man - Not Flow" (1957), "The Great brethren" (1949-1950), Michael Stelmach pondered over what to use it. ... I decided to donate the equivalent prize for the construction of school in his native Dyakivtsyah.
Talent Stelmakh appeared in various literary genres. In addition to the above prose and poetry, he also wrote several plays - "Golden snowstorm," "Enchanted windmill", "right and wrong", "Kum King"; created a scenario of the documentary film "Live, Ukraine!", participated in the creation of films in their works - "Above Cheremoshem", "Blood of Man - is thicker than water", "Dmitry Adonis."
Currently, proper evaluation work of Michael Stelmach there. Out of the analysis of his works from contemporary viewpoint, some fundamental research. But time slowly puts everything in its place - and Stelmach survived many of his contemporaries, remains in the treasury of Ukrainian literature.
R. Kukharenko,
correspondent of the newspaper "Migration"
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