The main trend of illegal migration in the context of national security, strengthening inter-institutional interaction

The main trend of illegal migration in the context of national securit...

Migration Trends in Ukraine and worldwide

01.03.2017

The main trend of illegal migration in the context of national security, strengthening inter-institutional interaction

One of the main challenges of the twentieth century, which is also associated with both the capabilities of the international community and threats to national security, is the intensification of migration processes. According to the United Nations, the number of international migrants reached 244 million people - it is 3.3% of the population, as evidenced by the diversity and complexity of migration flows.

Statistical observations of recent years, as the State Migration Service of Ukraine and the State Border Service, indicate that the overall situation related to illegal migration, remains stable and generally control. Also, according to European experts, East route traffic of illegal immigrants, which goes through Ukraine is not threatening to the EU.

Thus, according to the Agency FRONTEX, migratory pressure on the EU's external borders remained high, which resulted in more than half a million cases of illegal border crossing last year.

However, according to the annual threat analysis on the eastern borders of the EU (2015) Agency FRONTEX, the flow of migrants from the Near and Middle East, Africa and North-East Asia to the EU via Ukraine remained relatively low compared to other routes .

The above is confirmed by the statistics provided by the Security Service of Ukraine. Thus, the total number of migrants detained by the State Border Service attempted illegal border crossings decreased by 1.7 times (in 2016 - 1040, 2015 - 1819). The largest decrease is observed on the border with Romania - by 3.4 times (in 2016 - 46, 2015 - 158) and Hungary - 2.2 times (in 2016 - 430, 2015 - 964).

The bulk of illegal immigrants was detained at the border with Hungary (41%) and Slovakia (23%).

The main categories of illegal immigrants are citizens of Afghanistan (2016 - 181 person 2015 - 666) and Vietnam (in 2016 - 108 persons, 2015 - 67).

Significantly intensified illegal migrants from Sri Lanka (2016 - 83 persons, 2015 - 67), Turkey (2016 - 71 people 2015 - 37), India (2016 - 78 persons, 2015 - 0) and Bangladesh (2016 - 64 persons 2015 - 36).

There is a decrease in the number of foreigners detained at checkpoints across the state border for violation of rules of stay

in Ukraine - by 9% (in 2016 - 1528, 2015 - 1677).

The main methods of smuggling illegal migrants are following.

In legal channels:

- The use of valid passport valid documents Ukrainian visas issued at the invitation of false individuals, false invitations schools, travel vouchers, not existing private enterprises;

- The use of other people's fake passports, fake certificates of permanent, temporary residence in Ukraine, false (invalid) marks the State Border Service.

In 2016 arrested 83 illegal immigrants with forged documents and 13 - with other people (in 2015 - 184 counterfeit 23 to strangers), found 20 workers with documents of European citizens, used documents Belgium (2) Bulgaria (3) Great Britain (3) Greece (4) of Denmark (1), Italy (1) Netherlands (3), Germany (1), France (2);

- Remains relevant scheme "transit" movement on the territory of Ukraine through the crossing points for air services, which provides for arrival in Ukraine change in the transit area of ??the airport flight direction of the European movement and use of new passport documents are usually fake.

When planning a smuggling channel in Ukraine organizers apply a differentiated approach to each person and offers a variety of circuits (enter under the pretext of training, association with his family, medical treatment and so on.).

Also beginning in 2016 with an increase in the number of attempts at smuggling to Ukraine citizens of Afghanistan and Pakistan under the pretext of unification with the family in connection with the marriage of a citizen of Ukraine.

Typically, after the marriage of this category of foreigners returned to his homeland, where he eventually turns to the Consular Section of the Embassy of Ukraine to obtain a visa type "D" (long-term) and a ground visa serves marriage certificate. The presence of this type of visa is a prerequisite for further processing foreigner permit for permanent residence in Ukraine, and later entry into citizenship.

The value of services for design of this marriage depends on several circumstances (nationality of region, language, age, previous experience of living in Ukraine, etc.) and ranges from 500 to 6000 dollars. Our spivhromadyanky who marry foreigners get for it about 500-700 dollars. USA.

It should be noted that due to the significant reduction in the number given by the SMS Ukraine refugee status, immigration permits, etc., the method of legalization is becoming more common.

An additional negative factor is that many of the foreigners who use bogus marriages with nationals Ukraine, already married and have children at home. However, to examine citizens IRA / PRI stay on their marriage in these countries is not yet possible because of the lack of registries and related marks in their national passports. As a result, after the legalization of foreigners in Ukraine it is the calling of our country to his family.

It should be emphasized that as of today there is no effective mechanism to prevent and suppress the above channel of illegal migration to Ukraine. Thus, in the case of refusals of visas to the Ukrainian consular departments are beginning to enter numerous appeals through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, as well as the applicants, their "wives" of lawyers to provide clarification concerning the denial. The result, in most cases of a request for issuing visas to foreign citizens specified.

Outside checkpoints:

- Ferried illegal migrants both in Ukraine and Ukraine with small groups (2-3 people), either alone (using topographic maps and GPS-navigator) and accompanied by supporters from among local residents of border areas or representatives of foreign diasporas.

Recently, there is a very high probability of smaller aircraft to move workers.

So migration issues are at the peak of urgency for both the EU and Ukraine. On the agenda of all meetings held Member States on security issues, especially issues included migration overcome the crisis, creating effective tool for combating illegal entry of migrants, reduce the terrorist threat in connection with illegal migration and more.

Therefore the effectiveness of regulation of migration processes in Ukraine is in sight of our European and international partners, IOM, UNHCR, FRONTEX, the European Commission, and increasingly requires greater coordination of law enforcement agencies, the National Police, the Security Service, State Border Service.

N. Naumenko